Essay --

Experiment 02: Synthesis and characterisation of Benzocaine Introduction Benzocaine is described and used in the industry as local external anaesthetic; it is constructed of a white crystalline powder. The advantage of anaesthetics such as benzocaine is the action can be reversible where the use is followed by a completed recovery of the tissue with no potential permanent damage being caused. Aim The purpose of conducting this experiment was to synthesise and characterise for the preparation of benzocaine via a fishcer esterification reaction by the means of amino benzoic acid alongside ethanol. The product was also precipitated from a solution in order to gain a pH of 8.The secondary aim was to esterify the reaction in an equilibrium reaction catalysed via the addition of acid shown below: Experimental Reactants used: 4- Aminobenzoic used: 3.03g (0.018 moles) Ensure gloves are worn at all times when handling strong acids and bases within the experiment of the preparation of benzocaine. 4-aminobenzoic acid (3.0g, 0.022 moles) was suspended into a dry round-bottomed flask (100cm3) followed by methylated sprits (20 cm3). Taking extra care the concentrated sulphuric acid of (3.0 cm3, 0.031 moles) was added. Immediately after the condenser was fitted on, and the components in the flask were swirled gently to mix components. It should be ensured that the reactants of the concentrated sulphuric acid and the 4-aminobenzoic acid were not clustered in the ground glass joint between the condenser itself and the flask. In order to heat the mixture to a boiling point, a heating mantle was used and then further left for gently refluxing for a constituent time of forty minutes. After the duration of the consistent forty minutes the rou... ...rivate and taking into account there boiling point and volatility the Gc retention time will increase, in accordance to the chain going up, so in this case the pentyl derivative would go first then the butyl derivative. Conclusion The percentage yield gained was 70% from the Fischer Esterification reaction, which evaluates to be a good production of yield produced as the reaction is known to be reversible where conditions such as the concentration of the reactants, pressure and temperature could affect the extent of the reaction from performing. These white crystalline crystals were tested for impurity by conducting a melting point analysis and taking spectrospic data such as the IR spectra, HNMR and CNMR to confirm the identification of the product. These spectrospic methods and melting point analysis confirmed the white crystalline crystals were benzocaine.

Within the maximum of 500 words, prove that there is a moral lesson implied in the novel “The picture of Dorian Gray”

Oscar Wilde is one of the greatest literary showmen of the English nineteenth century. Of all his works, his only novel â€Å"†¦Ã¢â‚¬  is considered his masterpiece. In this novel, a moral lesson can be implied: Corruption will lead to destruction, obsession and torture. A moral lesson is experience that one can learn from a story and this lesson follows the standards of behavior considered acceptable and right by most people. A moral lesson implied when people suggest that something be true without actually saying it or suggests something as a necessary result. In this novel, the moral lesson is not directly delivered to the readers. It could only be found when people analyze what happens to the main character- Dorian Gray, what cause leads to what effect. At first, Dorian Gray appears to be something ideal and beautiful: young, handsome, innocent, simple and sensitive. He becomes the embodiment of Lord Henry’s ideas of the aesthetic life. Dorian soon leaves Basil’s studio for Lord Henry’s parlor, where he adopts the tenets of â€Å"the new Hedonism† and resolves to live his life as pleasure- seeker with no regard for conventional morality. He devotes himself to love in the beginning. Then he go from lover to lover, male and female and he pursues pleasure dispassionately. After that, he kills Basil, unable to accept the kind of love Basil is showing him. Dorian does not have a developed moral sense which would recognize a moral imperative- the idea that something is wrong no matter whether one ever has to pay to any consequences for them. He only regards acts as wrong when he can see their effects on the countenance of the figure in the portrait. He seems to separate the body and brain: â€Å"The body sins†¦ regret†. If body’s sin is natural, the soul should be responsible for physical action. Where sin has been committed, everything will be over and selfish is irresponsible thinking. At the end of the novel, Dorian is punished by his conscience, his innate and inner judge. He is torture badly for a long period leading to a tragic death. It is not the only thing he has to pay for his sins. The corruption from others leads to his destruction, bsession and torture. In the end, Dorian seems to be punished by his ability to be influenced: if the new social order celebrates individualism, as Lord Henry claims, Dorian falters because he fails to establish and live by his own moral code. In our life, we need to be alert in front of the seductions that are popular nowadays: hedonism and immoral pleasures. If not, we may be affected badly by the materialism leading to regrettable consequences.

College essay topics to write about European Union - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 10 Words: 2872 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Law Essay Type Analytical essay Level High school Tags: Community Essay European Union Essay Did you like this example? SUPREMACY OF THE EUROPEAN UNION 1 This paper provides an analysis on the importance of the Supremacy of the European Union Laws, in helping the EU community to achieve its objectives. The European Union is a political institution, with its own legislative and administrative body. The intention of this Union is to promote the economic development of its member states, and create a single constitution that will guide the affairs of the Union. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "College essay topics to write about European Union" essay for you Create order Despite the existence of the constitution, it has not been ratified by member states; hence it is the EU treaty, and directives established by it, that govern the relationships amongst member states[1]. This paper takes a stand that for the EU to achieve success in meeting its objectives, its laws and directives have to be supreme over the laws and directives of member states. The principles of the supremacy of the EU denote that, the laws of the European Union are supreme when compared to the laws of the member states. The European Court of Justice introduced this doctrine in 1964, however, to date; it is still controversial with some states arguing against its adoption. This is because of the concept of sovereignty, which allows member states to have a right of determining their laws, without influence from foreign powers. However, there are a number of reasons given, in support of the principles of the EU law[2]. One of these principles is that, there would be uneven application of laws, if this principle does not exist. This is unacceptable within the European Union, mainly because it has the capability of threatening and compromising the legal system of the European Union. Another reason is based on the doctrines of the direct effect which was created by the European Union Court of Justice. This doctrine denotes that certain provisions of the European Laws are directly applicable to the national laws of member states, without any other enactments[3]. This is beneficial to the member states, mainly because it creates uniformity in the application of laws, hence promoting the objectives and mission of the European Union. The concept or principle of the EU supremacy has never been expressly identified in any of the treaties that form the European Union. This concept was developed by the European Court of Justice through a series of very important rulings and judgments. However, the most important case responsible for introducing this concept of supremacy of EU laws is the case of Costa vs. ENEL[4]. According to this case, the judges denoted that a directly applicable, secondary or primary European law will prevail over the national law, even if, the law under consideration is a breach of the constitution of the country under consideration. Furthermore, in instances where a conflict arises, the national judge has to ignore the national laws, and apply the laws of the European Union aimed at solving the problem under consideration[5]. Furthermore, it is only the European Court of Justice that has the power and ability of annulling the European Laws, by using the European Treaties as a point of reference . Through this judgment, the European Court of Justice was able to create the doctrine of Supremacy of European Laws. One of the major reasons given for the adoption of this principle is the special nature of the European Union treaty. This treaty was able to create a new legal system, whereby the provisions of the treaty, were part and parcel of the national laws of the member states. This is an indication that the laws of the EU determines the manner which states relate which each other, and their internal governance system. This is a breach of the sovereignty of a member state, and sovereignty is a concept that defines a state. Despite the existence of this argument, a number of scholars supports this doctrine of the Supremacy of the European Union Laws[6]. This is because the executive force of the laws of the European community cannot be different. This is because different laws would jeopardize the attainment of the mission and objectives of the treaty under consideration. The founders of this treaty realized the dangers of inconsistent and different laws in the member states forming the European Union, hence the development of the concept of the direct effect. This is one of the major values and principles of the European Union, without which, the Union would be unable to meet its objectives[7]. The 2004 case of Mangold better explains how this concept of direct effect is applicable in all the domestic laws of member states. Under this case, the ECJ denoted that directive 2000/78/EC was able to preclude Germany from increasing the statutory age discrimination, through a reduction of a relevant threshold for fixed term contracts, without an objective reason. Furthermore, the ECJ referred to article number 18 (2) of the 2000/78/EC directive which denotes that member states are obligated to realize an equal treatment of people in employment, regardless of their age. The ability of the court to review and make a ruling in this case, is an indication that the doctrine of Supremacy is applicable in the European Union. Furthermore, the decision by the courts to support the position of the ECJ, by denoting that the laws were contradicting directive 2000/78/EC, is an indication that there is a need of uniform laws aimed at protecting the rights of people within the European Union[8]. Different laws in this regard would frustrate the efforts of the European Union in ensuring that there is equality in the treatment of individuals, within the European Union. In the 1978, case of Simmenthal, the judges were able to denote that any national legal, administrative, judicial and legislative practice that might impair the effectiveness of the European Community Law are null and void[9]. In McCarthy vs. Smith, the court identifies the European Union treaty as an aid, as well as an overriding force. Based on these principles and laws, we are able to denote that the laws of the European Union Community are supreme to the domestic laws. In defending the supremacy of the European Union treaty, Federico explains that it is justifiable because the provisions of the treaty are signed after a series of negotiations, offers, and counter offers[10]. Based on this fact, the application of laws that are not uniform will frustrate the application and implementation of agreements contained in the European Union treaty. This was the major argument in the Mangold case, where the courts sought to create a uniform law that will protect the rights of people across the member states of the European Union. Furthermore, the issue of supremacy is touched in the case of Van Gend vs. Netherlands. Under this case, the European Court of Justice denoted that the European Union Treaty was able to create a new legal system in the international law, which would benefit the state, but they have to limit their sovereign rights. The court further denoted that the states have voluntarily transferred their sovereignty to the institutions of the European Community. This case further denoted that the articles of the European Union treaty are applicable to the national courts, and they are supreme to the laws of the land. There are five major reasons why the European Court of Justice was able to insist of this doctrine of Supremacy. One important reason advanced for this case is that it creates a sovereign European Union community[11]. The European Union is a political community, and it has an intention of creating a constitution that is applicable to the entire community. It is important to explain that the constitution exists, but it has not been ratified by the member states. In-fact, article I/6 of the European Union treaty explains that the laws adopted and created by the European Union shall have primacy, over all the national laws of the member states. Nlau explains that the intention of this provision is to create a supreme and sovereign European Union community[12]. It is difficult to achieve this objective if separate laws that contradict the treaties of the Union are created and applied by the member states. By being a member of the European Union, the state under consideration had transferred some of their sovereign rights to the community. This is a concept or belief that is held by Lord Bridge in the case of R vs. Secretary of State for transportation. Lord Bridge argues that by the ratification of the treaty of European Union, parliament passed some of the sovereign rights of United Kingdom, to the European Union[13]. Based on this fact, the national courts had a right to remove acts of parliament that were contradicting the laws of the European Union. Woods and Watson explain that in a bid to create a common market, there was a need of applying a uniform European Union law within the community[14]. One of the major objectives of the European Union is to establish a common market. It is virtually impossible for this to be achieved if; there are different rules that guide commerce in the member states. Based on this fact therefore, there is a need of harmonizing the different commerce and business laws in member states, so that they may not contradict the established laws by the European Union. Craig and De Burca further asserts that a supreme European Union law would ensure that member states are not able to create laws aimed at pursuing their own self interest[15]. In the view of Schoitheete , the European Union treaty is formed after a series of negotiations, which involves offers and counter offers, with the intention of finding a compromise that would benefit the entire community[16]. A member state that enacts laws, which contradict the provisions of the EU treaty, goes against this compromise, and it aims at pursuing its own self-interest. This is unacceptable, and unwarranted, mainly because it would compromise the legitimacy of the European Union, and the laws enacted by it. It is therefore an acceptable practice for the laws of the EU to be supreme over the laws of the me mber states. Despite the importance of the Supremacy of the EU laws, over that of member states, this concept has gained resistance from these states. It has been difficult to ratify the provisions of this treaty to the constitution of the national state, and their courts have found it difficult to respect these provisions. However, the major point of contention is whether their exist areas in which the member states of the European Union cannot legislate their own laws, and they must defer it, to the European Union. On most occasions, the national courts of member states normally apply the supremacy of the EU laws, based on the provisions of the national laws, as opposed to the rulings of the European Court of Justice[17]. This is because majority of the courts belonging to member states regard themselves as having jurisdiction on issues that affect their national and domestic interests. This is a concept referred to as Kompetenz-Kompetenz. A good example of a country that finds it hard to imple ment the supremacy of EU laws over its domestic laws is the United Kingdom. This is despite the ruling by the House of Lords, on R vs. Secretary of State for transportation, supporting the Supremacy of the EU law, over its domestic laws[18]. The reason why the United Kingdom fails to accept the Supremacy of parliament is based on the concept of parliamentary sovereignty. This principle denotes that parliament has the capability of doing anything, other than binding itself to future uncertainties. The UK membership to the European Union has not affected the sovereignty of the British parliament. This is despite the existence of the 1972 European Communities Act, which allowed for the incorporation of EU laws into the British legal system. However, it is important to explain that the ECA 19722 is an important legislation that tried to regulate the kind of laws passed by the British parliament[19]. This law denotes that any law passed by parliament, should not contradict the provisions of the EU treaty. This was a movement towards the recognition of the supremacy of the EU laws and policies. In Macarthy vs. Smith, Lord Denning explains that the treaty should be regarded as supreme, and an aid to the British laws. However, Duke vs. GEC Reliance Systems explains that the principles of Macarthy are not applicable to domestic laws that are not compatible with the provisions of the laws of the EU. In the case of Duke vs. GEC reliance, the Von Colson principle was adopted, which required that all domestic laws should be interpreted, independently, and they must not be influenced by the laws or authority of the European Union[20]. Cases such as Pickstone vs. Freeman, Lister vs. Forth Dry Dock all agree on the supremacy of domestic laws, as opposed to that of the EU. However, they use the purposive approach, in ensuring that the domestic laws under consideration are compatible with the laws of the European Union[21]. This provision is further best explained in the case of Lister vs. Forth Dry Dock, where the court denoted parliament can pass a legislation whose purpose is to implement an identified provision of the laws of the European Community. These case laws and statutes therefore point to the no tion that the people of UK still view its parliament as sovereign, irrespective of the judgments of thee ECJ, regarding the sovereignty of the European Union laws[22]. In conclusion European Union laws have to be supreme over the laws of its member states, for it to achieve in meeting its own objectives. For instance, one of the objectives of the European Union is to create a common market, for purposes of promoting and protecting its market. It is impossible to achieve this objective, if member states have different laws that seek to protect their markets. Furthermore, the European Union has an objective of creating a political federation, governed by one constitution. This would mean that the member states will have to limit their sovereignty. This is impossible to achieve with different laws that govern the operation and interpretation of laws within the European Union. However, this concept of Supremacy of European Union is not directly expressed in its treaties and directives. It is only implied through the judgments of the European Court of Justice. It is therefore a controversial issue within the member states of the European Union. Bibliography: Alina Kaczorowska, European Union Law (Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge Publishers, 2009). Anca Pusca, Rejecting the EU Constituion? From the Constitutional Treaty to the Treaty of Lisbon (New York, Harlow Publishers, 2009). Catherine Barnard, The Substantive Law of the EU: The Four Freedoms ( 3rd edn, Oxford, OUP, 2010). Damian Chalmers, Gareth Davies and Giorgio Monti, European Union Law: Text and Materials, (3rd end, Cambridge, CUP,2014). Elena Korosteleva, The European Union and its Eastern Neighbours: Towards a More Ambitious Partnership (London, Routledge Publishers, 2012). Giacomo Federico,. The EU Charter of Fundamental Rights from Declaration to Binding Instrument (Dordrecht: Springer, 2011). John Fairhurst, Law of the European Union (6th ed. Harlow, England: Pearson/Longman, 2007). Justus Nlau, Drafting the EU Charter: Rights, Legitimacy, and Process ( Houndmills, Palgrave Macmillan, 2005). Lorna Woods and Philippa Watson, EU law (12th edn, Oxford, OUP, 2014). Margot Horspool, European Union Law (4th ed. Oxford: Oxford UP, 2006). Paul Craig and Graine de Burca, European Union Law: Text, Cases and Materials, (5th edn,Oxford, OUP, 2011). Philippe Schoitheete, The Case for Europe: Unity, Diversity and Democracy in the European Union (Lynne Rienner, 2000). Robert Schutze, EU Constitutional Law (Cambridge, CUP, 2012). Sionaidhi Scott, Constitutional Law of the European Union (Harlow, England: Longman Publishers, 2002). [1] Anca Pusca, Rejecting the EU Constituion? From the Constitutional Treaty to the Treaty of Lisbon (New York, Harlow Publishers, 2009), p. 11. [2] Catherine Barnard, The Substantive Law of the EU: The Four Freedoms ( 3rd edn, Oxford, OUP, 2010), p. 27 . [3] Alina Kaczorowska, European Union Law (Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge Publishers, 2009), p. 33. [4] Elena Korosteleva, The European Union and its Eastern Neighbours: Towards a More Ambitious Partnership (London, Routledge Publishers, 2012), p. 19. [5] Kaczorowska, European Union Law, p. 56 [6] Damian Chalmers, Gareth Davies and Giorgio Monti, European Union Law: Text and Materials, (3rd end, Cambridge, CUP,2014), p. 29. [7] Giacomo Federico,. The EU Charter of Fundamental Rights from Declaration to Binding Instrument (Dordrecht: Springer, 2011), p. 21. [8] Federico, The EU Charter of Fundamental Rights from Declaration to Binding Instrument, p. 26 [9] John Fairhurst, Law of the European Union (6th ed. Harlow, England: Pearson/Longman, 2007), p. 36. [10] Giacomo Federico,. The EU Charter of Fundamental Rights from Declaration to Binding Instrument (Dordrecht: Springer, 2011), p. 11. [11] Philippe Schoitheete, The Case for Europe: Unity, Diversity and Democracy in the European Union (Lynne Rienner, 2000), p. 47. [12] Justus Nlau, Drafting the EU Charter: Rights, Legitimacy, and Process ( Houndmills,Palgrave Macmillan, 2005), p. 21. [13] Margot Horspool, European Union Law (4th ed. Oxford: Oxford UP, 2006), p. 77. [14] Lorna Woods and Philippa Watson, EU law (12th edn, Oxford, OUP, 2014), p. 33. [15] Paul Craig and Graine de Burca, European Union Law: Text, Cases and Materials, (5th edn,Oxford, OUP, 2011), p. 43. [16] Philippe Schoitheete, The Case for Europe: Unity, Diversity and Democracy in the European Union (Lynne Rienner, 2000), p. 41. [17] Woods and Watson, EU law, p. 28 [18] Robert Schutze, EU Constitutional Law (Cambridge, CUP, 2012), p, 17. [19] Sionaidhi Scott, Constitutional Law of the European Union (Harlow, England: Longman Publishers, 2002), p. 31. [20] Schoitheete, The Case for Europe: Unity, Diversity and Democracy in the European Union, p. 42. [21] Schutze, EU Constitutional Law, 36. [22] Scott, Constitutional Law of the European Union, p. 44

The Importance Of Rnas In Molecular Biology - 741 Words

A lot has been discovered in the world of molecular biology especially revelations of the RNA world. Non-coding RNAs form a major part of it. A lot more of the human genome is transcribed than as initially thought and regulation is one of the major processes the non-coding RNAs (which though transcribed do not end up producing proteins) perform. These regulatory RNAs can be small like miRNAs, siRNAs, snRNAs of the spliceosome, snoRNAs for large RNA processing etc. or they can be long as in the case of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs)1. Given their role in regulation these molecules play an important role in cellular biology and are therefore found critically involved in human diseases. Introduction The past few decades in Molecular Biology†¦show more content†¦faecalis plasmid pAD1 par addiction module where the formation of a stem loop in the 5’ end of it’s RNA 1 transcript confers antitoxity which in any other case as in the formation of a helix instead of the stem loop fails to do. The result might be change in properties that make the RNA unsuitable for translation5. On the other hand, intermolecular interactions, where a regulator RNA binds to a target RNA via complementary base pairing results in downstream regulatory consequences i.e the formation of the double helix and preventing the binding of protein to target or the formation of the helix itself facilitating binding of proteins like nucleases that in turn degrade the RNA and consequentially affect expression. Alternatively, what can be the case with regulation at the intermolecular level amongst RNA is that the duplex formation might be sequestering a region of the target that would have otherwise taken an alternative secondary structure required for its activity1. Topics in the article will discuss the various forms of RNA found to play key regulatory roles, many of them are involved in key intermolecular interactions that affect expression and hence find implication in human diseases. 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Consider the progress we have made in these areas of human knowledge. Present at least three of the discoveries you find to be most important and describe their significance to society, health, and the culture of modernRead MoreThe Effects Of Biological Systems And The Impact On Human Disease971 Words   |  4 Pagespracticing pathology I hope to prolong life by simply identifying the mechanism of human disease, validating prevention and identifying the most effective treatment of disease. Pathobiology incorporates the sub disciplines of Cellular Biology, Molecular Biology, Biochemistry and Genetics to understand the mechanism of disease and how it is transmitted from one patient to the next. Inevitably, research ensures practical lab experience, insightful knowledge and proper exposure to current topics of

Personality Assessment Instrument Critique Essay - 848 Words

Personality Assessment Instrument Critique Dekitia Yolonda Ruth PSY/525 January 21, 2010 Miranda Jennings Personality Assessment Instrument Critique An individual’s personality is measured with a personality assessment instrument that encompasses theories and technique. Traditionally psychoanalytical theories provided an outline for accepting behavior that was abnormal and perceptions that prophesized the outcome for prospect behavior. Since projecting personality trait occurs, career counselors, and organizations utilize personality assessment instruments for screening potential employees for qualification. Additionally, personality assessment instruments are used in detecting personality disorders and abnormal behaviors. This†¦show more content†¦Latest dispute concerning the competence of the Rorschach with specific concerns as an assessment instrument and the sufficiency of its data has at spells slanted and distorted vital practical matters intrinsic in the learning of diverse cultures (Flanagan, 2006). Cultural procedures persist to be a central and incompetently surveyed variable in the Rorschach examinati on; an essential embryonic area of analysis is the Rorschachs scientific usefulness as a cross-cultural assessment instrument (Allen amp; Dana, 2004). Consideration of issues that are cultural expands and enhances the clinical utility of the Rorschach deliberation suggesting barely explored research schemes that may be a contribution to its purpose. The Rorschach inkblot test is debated by numerous of disbelievers describing it as a pseudoscience. Conclusions reached by as results of some studies have test administers liking the Rorschach inkblot test to cold reading (Wood, 2008). 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Essay Why is Diwali so Important that lots of People Celebrated it Example For Students

Essay Why is Diwali so Important that lots of People Celebrated it? Diwali is the festival of light in the Hinduism religion. People celebrate Diwali for different reasons. Yet, Diwali is still celebrated for different reasons. Some people celebrate it for the return of Load Ram. People also celebrate it for the return of the Pandavas who came back 12 years after. Other will celebrate Diwali because of Krishna killed Nakasura (an evil demon). Why is Diwali so important that lots of people celebrated it? First of all, what is Diwali and why is it important. Then, why do people light candle on Diwali. Lastly, Diwali is important because of the return of the Pandavas. The movie, Hanuman by V.G Samant is an animated movie, which talks about the god Hanuman and Hindu’s religion called Diwali. The characters in this movie are Hanuman, Load Ram, Ma Sita, and Vishnu. Hanuman is one of the gods that fall under Vishnu’s group. Load Ram and Ma Sita are gods that fall under Vishnu’s group as well. Vishnu is one of the divine for Hinduism. It talks about how the divine, Vishnu, takes Hanuman to visit Load Ram when he was younger. After staying with Load Ram, Ram let Hanuman go and he knew that Hanuman and he will meet again. After, Hanuman meets Load Ram again in the forest finding Sita. Hanuman took Ram to a king that helped find Ma Sita. After a few days, they found out that she is an island, where a demon, Ravana, kept her. Ma Sita says to Hanuman that, â€Å"I will wait here until my husband come and get me.† (V.G Samant) When Ma Sita said that he gave that message to Load Ram, which he started to prepared his army. This is s howing that Hanuman is one of the Gods that help Load Ram defeat Ravana and save Sita. First of all, Diwali is celebrated for the return of Ram and Sita after 14 years. Diwali is at late October or late November. Diwali is so important to Hindu because it is when one of the gods returned back home after defeating the demon. In the movie, Hanuman helps Load Ram bring back his wife, Sita. As well as, Hanuman was one of the people making sure that Sita was safely returned to Load Ram. During the movie, you see why Vishnu introduced Hanuman to Ram. This is was because Vishnu knew Hanuman will help Ram when he needed. As well as, Hanuman treated Ram with lots of respect. Diwali is celebrated because of Load Ram killing Ravana, which is the god of evil. When Load Ram, Ma Sita, and Ram’s brother, Laskman, returned to the city called Ayodhya. People were happy to see Load Ram and Ma Sita come back safely to the city. Diwali is celebrated with sweets and fireworks to represent the return of Load Ram and Ma Sita. In conclusion, Diwali is important because it one of the ma in story, which is the return of Load Ram and Ma Sita. Secondary, Hindu celebrate Diwali by lighting oil lamp or deeps. Based on Diwali festival’s website, it states â€Å"So, during the Festival of Lights, deeps, or oil lamps are burned throughout the day and into the night to ward off darkness and evil.† (diwalifestival) In the movie it shows how the cities are lighting candles for the return of Load Ram. Based on my thesis, it shows why in Diwali we light the oil lamps. In the oil lamp, it was used in the olden time which is cotton and oil. These results, Load Ram defeat the demon Ravana. To welcome Ram back the city light Candles to keep the darkness and evil away. This is showing how Diwali is important by lighting candles to prevent evil and the return of Load Ram. This even shows a sign that good always win. On Canada in Content’s website, it states â€Å"Diwali celebrated the victory of Rama, symbolizing the triumph of good over evil, light over darkness and knowledge over ignorance.† (Abraham) This is showing how the victory of Ram has symbolized a couple things. It shows how good always win against bad, the light will bet the darkness. Load Ram shows that knowledge is better ignorance which let him win. In conclusion, lighting the candles is one of the symbols of the festival of Diwali. This is because it shows that good wins over evil, and knowledge is greater than ignorance. .ud3dbbe256822507def12242efdd498bd , .ud3dbbe256822507def12242efdd498bd .postImageUrl , .ud3dbbe256822507def12242efdd498bd .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ud3dbbe256822507def12242efdd498bd , .ud3dbbe256822507def12242efdd498bd:hover , .ud3dbbe256822507def12242efdd498bd:visited , .ud3dbbe256822507def12242efdd498bd:active { border:0!important; } .ud3dbbe256822507def12242efdd498bd .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ud3dbbe256822507def12242efdd498bd { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ud3dbbe256822507def12242efdd498bd:active , .ud3dbbe256822507def12242efdd498bd:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ud3dbbe256822507def12242efdd498bd .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ud3dbbe256822507def12242efdd498bd .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ud3dbbe256822507def12242efdd498bd .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ud3dbbe256822507def12242efdd498bd .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ud3dbbe256822507def12242efdd498bd:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ud3dbbe256822507def12242efdd498bd .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ud3dbbe256822507def12242efdd498bd .ud3dbbe256822507def12242efdd498bd-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ud3dbbe256822507def12242efdd498bd:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Similarities between Beliefs and Philosophies from the World EssayFinally, Diwali was even when the Pandavas returned after 12 years. This came out of the one the text called Bhagavad Gita. After losing a game of dice, the Pandavas were banned and did not return until 12 years. The bet was made from their cousin who is the one threw them out of the kingdom. As well as, the Pandavas got a message that their home where they lived after they got kicked out will catch in fire. After that, nobody heard from the Pandavas for over a year. When the Pandavas came back they were asking for their Kingdom back but their cousin refuse to give it back. Since Pandavas’s cousin ref use to give their kingdom back, it caused them to go to war. For the return to the Pandavas, people who loved the Pandavas lighted the lamps. This is important to Diwali because some people will celebrate Diwali because of the return of the Pandavas. Based on the movie, Hanuman, there was a similar thing like this when Load Ram help a person get his land back. The compares are that both stories, they are getting their kingdom back from someone. In the Pandavas, they are getting from their cousin while in the movie, it is his brother. Lots of people celebrate for many reasons. Diwali is important because the theory behind the celebration of Diwali, people lighting candles and the Pandavas. For most people, Diwali is celebrated for the return of Load Ram and Sita. Then, People light candles to bring good over bad. Finally, some people celebrate Diwali because of the return of the Pandavas. This even shows how Hanuman helped Load Ram and Ma Sita defeat Ravana. Diwali is not just for Hinduism. For the Sikhs, they have symbolized Diwali as red-letter day. In which all of the Sikhs will gather and get blessing from their Guru. For Jains, it means the day when Mahavir Tirthankar, the modern founder attained his moksha. In conclusion, Diwali is a very important festival for Hinduism because of the return of the Pandavas and Load Ram. As well as lighting the candles to keep evil away. It is celebrated over northern India for many different reasons. Diwali is celebrated in different ways for different people. As well, it is not celebrated only for Hinduism but as well as other religions. Therefore, Diwali is important not for one religion but to many religions around the world. Works Cited †¢ Abraham, Virginia. Diwali: The Indian Festival of Lights. Skipping Stones November-December 2009: 18. Canada in Context. Web. 24 Mar. 2014. †¢ Indian Myth and Legend: Chapter XIII. The Choice of Draupadi. Indian Myth and Legend: Chapter XIII. The Choice of Draupadi. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Mar. 2014.  . †¢ Tradition of Lights on Diwali,Festival of Lights,Diwali Festival of Lights. Tradition of Lights on Diwali,Festival of Lights,Diwali Festival of Lights. Society for the Confluence of Festivals in India (SCFI), n.d. Web. 24 Mar. 2014.  . †¢

Organized Crime Essays - Organized Crime, Crime, Crime Family

Organized Crime Organized Crime When most people think of the Mafia they think, murderers and gamblers. But in fact the Mafia is more than just a bunch of ?wise guys? sitting around gambling. For years organized crime families have provided for many and brought wealth to their communities. In the early years of America, organized crime helped pave a way for many of the American cities to grow to what they are today. Most of the ?families? provide for more than one hundred people per community. Organized crime has become a world of phenomenon. In Europe, Asia, Africa, and America, the forces of organized crime are at work and no society is spared. From it's traditional spheres of activity such as prostitution, the arms trade and trafficking in drugs, organized crime has now added money-laundering, the trade in nuclear technology, and even the transporting of illegal immigrants. Trans-national crime undermines the very foundations of the international democratic order. Trans-national crime effects the business climate, and persuades political leaders. Within societies, the triumphs of international crime is, more often than not, accompanied by a weakening of the law and sometimes even by a return to the law of the jungle. No one knows why crime occurs. The oldest theory is based on ethics and theology. It is that criminals are perverse persons who deliberately commit crimes or who do so at the instigation of the devil or other evil spirits. Criminologist pointed out that per sons who are unable to provide adequately for themselves and their families through normal legal channels are frequently driven to theft, burglary, prostitution, and other offenses. Such conditions lead to feelings of deprivation and hopelessness and then turn to crime for means of escape. The feeling is encouraged by the example set by those who have escaped to what appears to be the better way of life made possible by crime. Studies by such investigators as the American criminologist, Bernard Glueck and the British psychiatrist William Healy have indicated that ?about one-fourth of a typical convict population is psychotic, neurotic, or emotionally unstable, and another one-fourth is mentally deficient.? (84). Although many criminals are mentally defected organized crime leaders are somewhat ingenious. In a world where the law stands strong these organized criminals have found ways to make millions. Many of these men consider themselves business men. Says one former crime family member, Sonny Reles, me and my partners are in shylocking, the restaurant business, garment industry, crap games, slot machines, bookmaking (69). In early years in New York racketeering was a big business. Organized crime officials had set up a type of underworld lottery. Many of the most respected people in the community played the ?numbers?. The rackets became the first major business that organized crime gained total control over. Later organized crime stretched their involvement from the rackets to gambling, sports, and just about every small business you could think of. They seemed to find money in every thing they touched. Prostitution also became a widely spread business in America. Most organized crime fami lies were tied into more than business at a time. States Burton Turkus, in 1945, New York City Investigations Commissioner Edgar Bromberger found that Erickson (New York Organized crime leader of the 30's and 40's) had made bank deposits of over $30,000,000 over a twelve year period (91). More recently organized crime has found it's way into bigger commercial businesses. Sports and entertainment have proved to be some of the biggest money maker for organized criminals. Many sport teams have an influence from the mafia. Throughout the past history of professional sports thousands of scandals have been revealed. Behind the majority of these scandals are ties to organized crime. Entertainment is now one of the biggest markets involving organized crime. From music stars to movie stars, organized crime has it's effect on them too. Organized crime has also produced the Union, which is a group of employees with protected rights. One of the biggest events that changed America and organize crime forever was prohibition. Prohibition was the worst years according to some alcoholics. January 16, 1920 was the day all Americans had to give up drinking alcohol, well at least legally. They had to do