My College Experience Essay -- essays research papers

My College Experience All through my lifetime I have tuned in to individuals think about back their school encounters and clarify how school should be â€Å"the best understanding of your life.† The late spring after my senior year I use to attempt to envision what my first semester would have been similar to dependent on what I had heard individuals talk about previously. After my first semester at NC State I understood that I couldn’t completely comprehend what school resembled until I encountered it for myself. My first couple of weeks at Ohio State was unpleasant and truly tried my quality (mental and physical). I confronted difficulties and deterrents that I had never caught wind of in those past school experience discussions. Out of nowhere there was nobody to get me out of the bed when I hit the rest button on my alert cl... My College Experience Essay - articles research papers My College Experience All through my lifetime I have tuned in to individuals consider back their school encounters and clarify how school should be â€Å"the best understanding of your life.† The mid year after my senior year I use to attempt to envision what my first semester would have been similar to dependent on what I had heard individuals talk about previously. After my first semester at NC State I understood that I couldn’t completely comprehend what school resembled until I encountered it for myself. My first couple of weeks at Ohio State was harsh and truly tried my quality (mental and physical). I confronted difficulties and hindrances that I had never caught wind of in those past school experience discussions. Out of nowhere there was nobody to get me out of the bed when I hit the nap button on my caution cl...

Cinematic Techniques Used in Citizen Kane Essays

Artistic Techniques Used in Citizen Kane Essays Artistic Techniques Used in Citizen Kane Paper Artistic Techniques Used in Citizen Kane Paper Exposition Topic: Resident Kane In film class this previous week, we discovered that there are numerous true to life strategies utilized in films that add to the manner in which a film is depicted by a group of people. We had the joy of watching a movie coordinated by Orson Wells In 1941 called Citizen Kane. I am happy that this specific film was the film of decision to exhibit a portion of these methods. The film Citizen Kane utilizes each true to life method in a manner that is evident to the watcher. I have picked five of the sixteen methods that I took in this eek, which had an effect in transit that I for one saw this film. As an armature film onlooker, Citizen Kane is the ideal film of decision to start investigating a portion of these methods. The main procedure that I saw was a strategy called dissolving. Break up is a continuous progress starting with one picture then onto the next. A disintegrate covers two shots for the term of the impact, for the most part toward the finish of once scene and the start of the following. The dissolving method was utilized at the opening of the scene. At the point when the film goes ahead there is a picture of a sign holding tight a fence. The ign says No Trespassing. The camera at that point step by step skillet up and progressively disintegrates into another bigger bulkier fence that shows an immense letter K for Kane. The scene breaks down for a subsequent time to show an enormous dull mansion out of sight. Now we can rapidly expect that the manor is the home of whoever the story is about (Kane). Utilizing this method joined with fatigued music, attracts your con sideration and establishes the pace for a puzzle. Later on in the film there is another entirely perceptible break down starting with one set then onto the next. The primary set is outside in the downpour as we ear lightning storm. The shot climbs into the horizon and into the second set which is then travels through the window and into El Ranchero club where we discover Susan Alexander Kane sitting alone. Paper title texts show up all through the film, recounting stories that move the watchers along. A portion of the features are intended for humor. Different features make a specific negative state of mind for the storyline. For instance, one of the features read Candidate Kane trapped in adoration home with artist. After this article the story moves directly along. Kane fundamentally leaves is spouse and weds Susan Alexander. The most serious paper montage was when Susan Alexander is artist drama and we hear a frightening bang clamor as paper articles move quickly over the screen. It peruses New York in Furor for Susan Alexander. The arena is pressed out we see the crowd applauding and afterward we break down into the self destruction scene. Another model would be the article that read Charles Foster Kane bites the dust after life time of administration. On the same wavelength directly close to the article it says Entire country grieves. I think this amusing on the grounds that how could the ntire country morn if even those nearest to Kane had mistaken thoughts of what his identity was. Flashbacks are exceptionally pertinent in this film. The entirety of the characters have various perspectives of Kane. At the point when flashbacks are utilized we get the viewpoints of the individuals who knew Kane. The Butler Raymond was requested data about Kane. Now we understand that all he needs is cash in return for data. He truly couldn't care less about Kane at all Susan Alexander his ex was on medications or tanked, is the main character in the tilm who cries on Kanes benalt. Bernstein was the general anager he clarifies that he regards Kane and adores him. Leland was Kanes companion, however he was not an old buddy since he needed to leave him and go to Chicago when things turned out badly. Each individual perspective was told in a flashback style. Toward the finish of the story flashbacks cause us to feel sorry for Kane on the grounds that we understand that a portion of the things that were said originated from inconsistent sources. The profound center procedure was significant in this kind of film. Utilizing this method we had the option to get an inclination for nature around the on-screen characters. Nature appeared mineral basic to the storyline since covering activities had the option to be seen. Orson Wells consolidated the lighting with the camera focal point to deliver a particular impact. Profound center shows loss of control when Kane is in his home. As I viewed the film I began to have a sentiment of dejection and seclusion when Mrs. Alexander sat on the floor alone with the gig-saw puzzle close to their humongous chimney. With Deep center everything is in outline, even the foundation impacts the way that we see the characters in the film. Montage was the following method that I might want to make reference to. Montage shows entry of time with Just a couple of scenes. At the point when Mr. Kane and Susan met, he sat in her lounge room and tuned in to her play her piano and sing. Out of sight it looked chaotic and low class. The scene changes and now the foundation looks extravagant and high class. This was an extraordinary case of a montage. Afterward, Mr. Kane and Susan were sitting together close demonstrating skin as though they had Just got done with engaging in sexual relations and where in affection. The following scarcely any scenes you consider them to be in the event that they are worn out on each other as though time has passed. This is an extraordinary case of montage. The most noteworthy scene to me was when Susan Alexander attempts to end it all. She takes a gander at Kane and says l dont need to sing any longer. He at that point says, Alright you dont need to. Kane wouldn't like to lose the main individual in his life that he has remained careful in his ownership. Simultaneously he has controlled her the whole time. She has been similar to a manikin marching around town singing when she truly would not like to. She realizes that nobody around makes the most of her singing. Now she has been exhausted and desolate. Susan is dismal and tired of her life despite the fact that she ppears to have everything. She is prepared to surrender. This is portending for occasions to come. Later in the film she leaves Kane. She discloses to him that she is leaving and he requests that her stay at that point reveals to her that he will give her anything that she needs. Susan solidly says no, fundamentally reveals to Kane that their relationship is finished. I saw that her room was made up like a childs room. This appears to me that perhaps Kane wards her off protected and shielded like a youngster. This is a similar room that Kanes old kid hood sled is in and the globe that he drops toward the finish of the film. ROSEBUD!

The Second World War (WWII) Essay -- World War 2 II Two

World War I was the reason for World War II      I accept that world war 1 prompted world war 2. the principle reason is the arrangement of Versailles. the partners completely screwed Germany and were absolutely uncalled for.      The partners precluded Germany to have a multitude of in excess of 100,000 men, an armada of in excess of 36 warships, submarines of any sort, and military air create. They couldn't keep up fortresses or army bases inside 50km of the Rhine land. Furthermore, to all that Germany was required to pay huge wholes of cash as reparations for harms that the partners had taken during the war.      The class of countries had the obligation of keeping the harmony, and in spite of the fact that they didn't concede Germany to the group for the principal couple of years after the war, Germany was allowed in 1926. The class had little force notwithstanding, and quite a bit of this was it neglected to go through the American framework so America avoided the duty of keeping the harmony in Europe. As additional confirmation to the groups shortcoming, an occasion that happened in Manchuria that drove Japan to assault, was just neglected as a ‘ok’ motivation to assault and let Japan pull off it, and to facilitate this, Japan didn't mind what the alliance needed to state about their little assault.      The ascent of Hitler brought its issues moreover. During the extraordinary misery Hitler said that the main path for his nation to escape the de...

John Grisham - His Most Recent Releases

Although  John Grisham gained popularity through legal thrillers, he has successfully branched out these past few  years. For a more up-to-date taste of his work, here is a short list of John Grishams most recent releases.   Gray Mountain Published on October 21, 2014, Gray Mountain  is about a Manhattan lawyer who spends a year in Appalachia after losing her job during the 2008 financial crisis. In the process, she learns a lot about small town culture. Eventually, she enters the courtroom for the first time in her legal career and has a  run in  with big coal that becomes dangerous. The Whistler Grishams most recent book, The Whistler was published on October 25, 2016. While judges are expected to be models of intelligence, honor, and impartiality, The Whistler tells the story of a corrupt judge who bends the law. With a plot that involves the mafia, whistleblowers, hidden identities, and danger, this book has all the ingredients to make a page-turning thriller.   Camino Island The prolific John Grisham will publish his 30th book in 2017, titled Camino Island. The story revolves around a set of handwritten F. Scott Fitzgerald manuscripts that get stolen and sold into the black market. The FBI, a secret agency, and a young writer all get involved in the investigation of these missing documents.   Fans will be excited to hear that Camino Island will be released on June 6, 2017. Dont want to wait? Check out this complete list of Grisham books  and see if you missed one of his earlier novels.

General Engineering Degree The Profession of Engineering Attracts Clever, Practical Designers 2019

The profession of engineering has come a long way since the original 1325 definition of an engineer in the Oxford English Dictionary as a constructor of military engines. Today the profession of engineering has grown into 17 specialized disciplines and is viewed as the field with the most trusted professionals in Canada. Graduates with a general engineering degree often add PE or P.Eng. to the end of their names, signifying their position as a Professional Engineer. Commonly seen as a profession of clever, practical designers, the field of general engineering has become an attractive choice for individuals pursuing a college degree. What is General Engineering? A professional in general engineering uses the principles of math and science to solve technical problems. For example, a professional with a general engineering degree may be involved in the design of: Computers. Helicopters. Toys. Robots used in manufacturing. Knowledge of general engineering is also required to build viable structures like the Golden Gate Bridge in San Francisco, and used to determine the safest slope of an exit ramp from a highway. .u9aef5174de639bf62e497521136de58a { padding:0px; margin: 0; padding-top:1em!important; padding-bottom:1em!important; width:100%; display: block; font-weight:bold; background-color:#eaeaea; border:0!important; border-left:4px solid #34495E!important; box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -moz-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -o-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -webkit-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); text-decoration:none; } .u9aef5174de639bf62e497521136de58a:active, .u9aef5174de639bf62e497521136de58a:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; text-decoration:none; } .u9aef5174de639bf62e497521136de58a { transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; } .u9aef5174de639bf62e497521136de58a .ctaText { font-weight:bold; color:inherit; text-decoration:none; font-size: 16px; } .u9aef5174de639bf62e497521136de58a .post Title { color:#000000; text-decoration: underline!important; font-size: 16px; } .u9aef5174de639bf62e497521136de58a:hover .postTitle { text-decoration: underline!important; } READ Career Options in Computer ScienceTop Disciplines in the Field of Engineering Engineering Options General engineering encompasses a vast field composed of 17 sub-disciplines. Included in the specialties are: Chemical engineering. Biomedical engineering. Aerospace engineering. Civil engineering. Mechanical engineering. Electrical engineering. Environmental engineering. Engineers may further specialize by focusing on a specific industry or type of technology. Required Education to Become an Engineer Most entry-level positions in general engineering require at least a bachelors degree in general engineering or a related discipline. All 50 states also require licensure to offer direct services to the public. Supervisory and research positions in general engineering typically require an advanced general engineering degree, such as a master of science in general engineering or a PhD in general engineering. Warren National University for Engineering Degrees Many schools are now offering a sophisticated online general engineering degree program. Schools, such as Warren National University, allow enrollment in an online engineering course while maintaining work and family responsibilities from home. The program is especially tailored to mid-career professionals and leads to a bachelor degree in engineering entirely online. Online degree program engineering schools are also available to earn a graduate degree in general engineering and a doctorate degree in general engineering. .u1e8acc98d5475abc95f9fd8f066f1a6c { padding:0px; margin: 0; padding-top:1em!important; padding-bottom:1em!important; width:100%; display: block; font-weight:bold; background-color:#eaeaea; border:0!important; border-left:4px solid #34495E!important; box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -moz-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -o-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -webkit-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); text-decoration:none; } .u1e8acc98d5475abc95f9fd8f066f1a6c:active, .u1e8acc98d5475abc95f9fd8f066f1a6c:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; text-decoration:none; } .u1e8acc98d5475abc95f9fd8f066f1a6c { transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; } .u1e8acc98d5475abc95f9fd8f066f1a6c .ctaText { font-weight:bold; color:inherit; text-decoration:none; font-size: 16px; } .u1e8acc98d5475abc95f9fd8f066f1a6c .post Title { color:#000000; text-decoration: underline!important; font-size: 16px; } .u1e8acc98d5475abc95f9fd8f066f1a6c:hover .postTitle { text-decoration: underline!important; } READ Small Business Management and Accounting SoftwareQualities for Success as an Engineer Because general engineering degree holders typically interact with a variety of professionals, it is necessary for them to have good oral and written communication skills. They also must be able to work effectively in a group setting to successfully complete projects in the professional world. General engineering degree holders will be most successful if they are creative, inquisitive, analytical, and detail-oriented, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Job Outlook for Engineers: Environmental Engineering and Biomedical Engineering at the Top General engineering jobs overall are expected to grow between 9 and 17% through the year 2018, according to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Each specialty within general engineering has a further specified outlook of its own. Some of the fastest-growing specialties are predicted to be environmental engineering and biomedical engineering. It will be important for professionals to enroll in continuing education in engineering online or through some other means in order to keep up with rapidly evolving technology and to maintain competitiveness in the job market. .ua24909f968012cf78e1d87b634b738bc { padding:0px; margin: 0; padding-top:1em!important; padding-bottom:1em!important; width:100%; display: block; font-weight:bold; background-color:#eaeaea; border:0!important; border-left:4px solid #34495E!important; box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -moz-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -o-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -webkit-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); text-decoration:none; } .ua24909f968012cf78e1d87b634b738bc:active, .ua24909f968012cf78e1d87b634b738bc:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; text-decoration:none; } .ua24909f968012cf78e1d87b634b738bc { transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; } .ua24909f968012cf78e1d87b634b738bc .ctaText { font-weight:bold; color:inherit; text-decoration:none; font-size: 16px; } .ua24909f968012cf78e1d87b634b738bc .post Title { color:#000000; text-decoration: underline!important; font-size: 16px; } .ua24909f968012cf78e1d87b634b738bc:hover .postTitle { text-decoration: underline!important; } READ How to find the Perfect Part Time JobRelated ArticlesUsing Information Technology to Build a Successfull BusinessBachelor Degree Computer Science Humanitarian Work as a Computer ResearcherOnline Psychology Degree A First Step to a Career as a Military PsychologistOnline Computer Science Degree A Possible Entryway to a Career in the FBIEarning Your Comupter Science DegreeThe Relationship Beteween Computer Science and Engineering

The Second World War Essay - 1967 Words

The Second World War The Second World War had three major axis powers. They were Germany, Italy, and Japan. The Axis were the countries that had expansionist plans. Only Japan was not a fascist regime in the Axis. Adolph Hitler, the German Nazi leader, was the one who called upon the creation of an Axis in 1936. Italy and Japan accepted Hitler’s offer. Japan recognized the leadership of Germany and Italy in establishment of a new order in Europe. Furthermore, Germany and Italy respected Japan’s leadership in East Asia. They also agreed that they would assist each other with political, economical and military means. The main cause of World War II goes back to World War I, where Germany was defeated and humiliated. World War I†¦show more content†¦That was the beginning of the World War II. Since Germany had the most efficient army they conquered Poland with the help of the Soviet Union. Resulting in more problems with the allied nations, France and Britain. While this was going on, Japanese forces pushed down into northern China. They conquered two Chinese provinces rich in coal and iron. They were successful against the Chinese communist party, People’s Republic of China. After invading China, Japan conquered Taiwan and most of the Pacific Islands. Japan was ruled by a military dictatorship. Italy had been humiliated in World War I. Where they lost many battles and needed to be rescue by France and British forces. So the fascist party in Italy took over the government. They were lead by Benito Mussolini, who became Italy’s prime minister. He was determined to make Italy a formidable and feared power. In 935, Italy invaded the African nation of Ethiopia. They also conquered Albania while Germany was invading Austria. The Axis were gaining more and more power but the Allies would gain a important member, the United States of America. 2-European Allies There were three major European Allies; Soviet Union, France, and Britain. Britain and Soviet Union were the major forces. Since France was occupied by Germany after the invasion of Poland. ButShow MoreRelatedWar On The Second World War923 Words   |  4 Pages War is one of the most dreadful matter in our world today. We have grown up watching news on wars on television channels and news. I am from a country called Bangladesh, where we fought for victory to save our country through a nine months bloody war. And, now we see all this war around different countries in news channels, and newspapers, killing of innocent people. War has nothing to do with killing innocent citizens of a country. The main purpose of war is to fight against one another to protectRead MoreThe World Of The Second World War1641 Words   |  7 PagesThe Second World War left the world in a very terrible state. World economies were struggling, and the population grew, demanding a better life from its leaders. The side that won ended up dividing the world again into two parts or more. The United States, the United Kingdom, France and West Germany ended up forming the western bloc. Russia, or as it was called during that period, the Soviet Union, took control of East Ger many, and much of eastern Europe as part of a settlement plan between the winningRead MoreThe Second World War1598 Words   |  7 PagesFollowing the end of the Second World War the Nuremberg War Trials were held to prosecute Nazi officials for the abhorrent crimes of the Holocaust. The defence of those charged hinged on the idea that they weren’t guilty of a crime as they were obeying the law of Nazi Germany . Consequently, the trial revived the broader question of whether laws which are inherently immoral can be considered valid law. Moreover, the trial generated fresh debate within jurisprudence, in turn leading many to criticiseRead MoreThe Second World War2302 Words   |  10 PagesSecond World War World War II was one of the greatest struggles humanity has ever seen. 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The Allied forces placed their entire economic, i ndustrial, and scientific capabilities at the service of the war effort, destroying the difference between civilian and military resources. It was the deadliest conflict in human history (Reference)Read MoreThe War Of The Second World War II Essay1744 Words   |  7 PagesWhen news of the United States’ involvement in World War II was made known in 1940, Congress imposed a draft for men ages eighteen to thirty-seven. This was a way for them to join the fight against the axis powers. This particular war is noted as the most brutal war throughout all of history. Out of the men who registered to draft, many of them were also involved in what would be called the most popular battle of the Second World War, or the invasion of Normandy. The Invasion of Normandy, other wiseRead MoreThe Second World War II1261 Words   |  6 PagesThe Second World War is one of the most familiar wars to the everyday person because of its massive effect on the global community’s future. It i s arguably the first and only total war in the history of the war. Hew Strachan believes that it is because of its totality, which is seen through all of the components and scale of World War II. His fellow historian Robert Messer agrees saying â€Å"That first truly global conflict mobilized economies and populations of the world on a scale and degree thatRead MoreThe End Of The Second World War Essay1640 Words   |  7 Pagesthe Second World War marked the descent of old world powers such as Germany and Great Britain, and the upsurge of two superpowers, the United States of America and the Soviet Union. 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Long Range Casues Of WWII Essay Example For Students

Long Range Casues Of WWII Essay World War I was a very complicated war. It goes back as far back as 1870. Of course the was didnt last for that many years, but it had many casues. Not just one spark that started it off. The Franco-Prussian War was one of these casues. There were sevral Franco-Prussian Wars. The last Franco-Prussian War started in 1870. Prussia was in a confederation. A confederation is a group of states that are loosly joined together and have more power than the government of the whole country. Prussia was the biggest state. France and Prussia always fought over Alsace-Lorraince. It was land with very rich soil. It was on the border between France and Prussia. They kept fighting over the land. One time Prussia would win and would take the land. The the next time France would win and would take the land. This kept happening, but in the last war, which started in 1870, Germany finally won Alsace-Lorraine. They signed a treaty in Versailles, France. The Franco-Prussian War ended in 1871. After the Fr anco-Prussian War, Bismarck, who was Prussias leader made the unification of Germany. That meant that all the separate states joined together to be one counrty. After this, Bismarck became the leader of Germany. After the Franco-Prussian War, France was afraid that Germany would attack France for more land. So then France started building up its army so that Germany wouldnt attack. Germany wanted a war. This caused the six stronge countires in Europe to start building up their armies and get ready for the war. The six stronge countries were England, France, Germany, Austria-Hungary, Russia, and Turkey. All of these countires were compeating to be the strongest. Russia and Germany did not get along. Russia, too, was afriad Germnay would attack, so Russia started to build up its army to make Germany afriad. Russia and Austria-Hungary also didnt get along. Austria-Hungary was afriad Russia would attack so they started to build up their army to intimidate Russia. Turkey didnt get along with Austria-Hungary. Turkey saw that Austria-Hungary was building up their army, and that frightened Turkey, so they started building up their armies to scare Austria-Hungary. All of thse countries were compeatin g to be the best and the strongest. This is an example of militerism and nationalism. Nationalism is a deep feeling of pride for ones country with a desire to prove that its better than all other countires. Nationalism could get very dangerous becasue it could start a war. It was one of the factors that started World War I. What all the countries were doing was also an example of militerism. Militerism is the way countries build up their armies to build up for war.Before the war, all young males had to train to be soldiers in school. This was called universal military training. Another one of the casues of World War I is alliances. An Alliance is and agreemnt of friendship with two or more countries. The countries all started to make allinaces becasue they needed help incase of a war. So if country A got into a war with country B, and country A had an alliance with country C, country C would help country A fight against country B. Then maybe country B would have an allince with country D, and country D would ahve an allince with country E. So countries B,D and E could fight against countires A and C. So what would be a little war between countries A and B would turn into a very big war. In 1872, Germnay Russia and Austria-Hungary made the first Triple Alliance. Russia left after the Franco-Prussian War. Instead of Russia, Italy came, and in 1882, it became known as the Second Triple Alliance. After Russia backed out of the first alliance, it became friends with France. In 1891, France and Russia made the Dual Alliance. In 1904 England jioned the Dual Alliance, and then it became the Triple Entant. .ucf2c148a44828a87a0dcbbfb0130c736 , .ucf2c148a44828a87a0dcbbfb0130c736 .postImageUrl , .ucf2c148a44828a87a0dcbbfb0130c736 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ucf2c148a44828a87a0dcbbfb0130c736 , .ucf2c148a44828a87a0dcbbfb0130c736:hover , .ucf2c148a44828a87a0dcbbfb0130c736:visited , .ucf2c148a44828a87a0dcbbfb0130c736:active { border:0!important; } .ucf2c148a44828a87a0dcbbfb0130c736 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ucf2c148a44828a87a0dcbbfb0130c736 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ucf2c148a44828a87a0dcbbfb0130c736:active , .ucf2c148a44828a87a0dcbbfb0130c736:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ucf2c148a44828a87a0dcbbfb0130c736 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ucf2c148a44828a87a0dcbbfb0130c736 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ucf2c148a44828a87a0dcbbfb0130c736 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ucf2c148a44828a87a0dcbbfb0130c736 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ucf2c148a44828a87a0dcbbfb0130c736:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ucf2c148a44828a87a0dcbbfb0130c736 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ucf2c148a44828a87a0dcbbfb0130c736 .ucf2c148a44828a87a0dcbbfb0130c736-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ucf2c148a44828a87a0dcbbfb0130c736:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Same Sex Marriages EssayIf a big country makes and alliance with a small country, it doesnt mean that theyre trying to be nice. Its because they want something. All the big countries in Europe wanted something in the Balkans. Russia wanted land for sea ports. They couldnt use thiers by the Black Sea becasue they hads to pass through aturkey and they were enemies with Turkey. They also couldnt use the one by the Pacific Ocean becsue it always froze. Germany wanted a railroad that went from Beryn to Baghdad. The railroad would go threw Austria-Hungary. Thats why Germany made an alliance with austria-Hungary and Germany. It also had to go threw Turkey so Germany made an allia nce with them in 1914. Austria-Hungary wanted sea ports as well. Italy wanted natrual resorces. The people in the Balkans though, wanted all the big countries out and they wanted to become part of Serbia. All of this was somewhat and example of Imperialism. Imperialism is a forigen policy where a country tries to benifit its self at the expense of other countries. All the big countries were jus using the Balkans for what they wanted. Another way that the alliances are a form of Imperialism is that maybe country D has nothing has nothing against country A, but theyre still fighting. Also, country D has to waste their soldiers becasue they had an alliance with country D had alliance with country B. In order to have Imperialism you need to ahve a stronge army and navy. England had the strongest navy so they had the biggest empire. Austria-Hungary and Turkey also had big empires. Germany and France were just starting. The only place left to get colonies was Africa, but it wasnt big enough. All the countries compeated for colonies. This built bad realationships between some countries. becasue they were all compesting and nto all the countries actually got colonies. It was only a matter of time before the war started. All of these elemnt together casued World War I. Not only one factor casued it. Now only one small thing would casue the war. These are short range casues. Such as the Balkan Wars and the assassination of Archduke Ferdinand. These were the short range casues. Archduke Ferdinand got assassinated on June 28, 1914. Austria-Hungary sent Serbia and ultimatum and said that they had to admit to the killing of Archduke Ferdinand and to stop trying to get Bosnia away from Austria-Hungary. Leaders from other countries also tried to convince other leaders to stop the war, but Serbia refused. Austria-Hungary gave Serbia one month to fofill the ultimatum. On July 28. 1914, World War I began. Therefore, many asspects caused World War I. Some of which are the Franco-Prussian War, nationalism, militerism, imperialism and alliances. Miscellaneous

5 Expensive Comma Typos from History

5 Expensive Comma Typos from History 5 Expensive Comma Typos from History You might not give commas much thought on a day-to-day basis. They’re just punctuation. But what if we told you that one misplaced comma could cost your business millions? Strap in, then, and join us for a look at five of the most expensive comma typos in history. 1. James Joyce’s Unwanted Commas ($300,000) The experimental style of James Joyce’s novel Ulysses included many deliberate errors, such as passages of unpunctuated text. Unfortunately, those faced with transcribing his manuscripts sometimes â€Å"corrected† these errors. And one well-meaning volunteer added hundreds of commas to a 40-page passage that was meant to be entirely comma free! James Joyce: Literary visionary, proofreaders nightmare. These comma typos were reproduced in each edition of the book until the 1980s, when a new version was released with the commas removed and other deliberate errors restored. But this process cost around $300,000, so you can see why hiring a good editor is worth the money! 2. Rogers Communications Inc. vs. Bell Aliant (approx. $525,000) Comma placement gave rise to a dispute between Rogers Communications and Bell Aliant worth over half a million dollars. The comma typo in question lies somewhere in this passage: Subject to the termination provisions of this Agreement, this Agreement shall be effective from the date it is made and shall continue in force for a period of five (5) years from the date it is made, and thereafter for successive five (5) year terms, unless and until terminated by one year prior notice in writing by either party. Did you spot it? It’s the comma before â€Å"unless† that caused the problem. Bell Aliant took it to mean that the clause about terminating the contract applied to the initial five-year period. But Rogers Communications argued it only applied if the contract was renewed after this initial period. In the end, the parties resolved the issue by checking the French version of the contract. Thankfully, this version was free from comma typos. 3. An Oxford Comma in Maine ($5,000,000) Leaving a serial comma (i.e., a comma before the final item in a list) out of a contract cost a dairy company in Maine five million dollars. This came after a dispute with its drivers about overtime. In particular, Maine’s overtime law contains a clause about exemptions from overtime that uses the phrase â€Å"packing for shipment or distribution of.† The dairy company said that â€Å"distribution† was meant to be a separate item in this list. But without a comma to make this clear, the drivers successfully argued that they were owed overtime and forced the company to settle. 4. The US Government vs. Fruit (approx. $38,400,000) Rather than a missing comma, an unwanted comma in US Tariff Act of 1872 cost the US Government two million dollars (around $38.4 million in today’s money). The issue arose because of a clause that exempted â€Å"fruit plants† from import tariffs. Or that was the intention, at least. However, someone added a comma between â€Å"fruit† and â€Å"plants.† And since fruit was expensive, importers took advantage of this loophole until it was closed two years later, by which point US taxpayers had lost out on revenue. Presumably, though, they gained access to affordable bananas. You could buy a lot of fruit for $38.4 million. 5. Lockheed Martin vs. Inflation ($70,000,000) Lockheed Martin are a multibillion-dollar global corporation. Nevertheless, they were worse off by $70 million after one comma typo in a contract. The error was in an equation used to adjust interest rates over time, meaning Lockheed’s calculations were wrong. And they lost a lot of money. In this case, then, one misplaced comma ended up costing a company more than the average GDP of Tuvalu. And if that doesn’t make you hire a proofreader, we don’t know what will.

LeadersManagers effective on organizations essays

LeadersManagers effective on organizations essays Leaders/Managers effective on organizations. I have so many ideas of what an effective leader should be that I often feel overwhelmed and cannot imagine how I will become the ideal leader that I want to be. There are many ingredients of effective leadership styles. I have read several books and articles on leadership and management. I have also participated in a few leadership training/education modules offered through my employers. There are many theories on what makes an effective leader. In my research I have discovered that there is many leadership styles and most are effective if used in the right situations. Information on the subject of leadership is plenty with some resources being quite in-depth, but most describe a specific type of leadership. I did find one book that was both easy to understand and made a lot of sense. In the book, Leadership and the One-Minute Manager, the theory and use of Situational Leadership is described. I think that this style of leadership is most effective. It describes that dif ferent forms of leadership are needed in different situations. The book defines leadership style as how you behave when you are trying to influence the performance of someone else (p. 46). Therefore, one of the most important ingredients of any leader would be flexibility. The second most important ingredient would be understanding when to use a specific leadership style. The four basic leadership styles described are directing, coaching, supporting and delegating. The directing leadership style would be needed for new hires, or less competent employees that show commitment and a desire to be productive. The employees at this development level would require very clear directions, and a lot of supervision. The atmosphere must be controlled and structured until these employees develop some competence. The coaching style would be useful for existing employees who have lost t...

CRITIQUE OF PERSONAL STATEMENT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

CRITIQUE OF PERSONAL STATEMENT - Essay Example During my University placement, I displayed excellent communication skills and interacted well with members of multi-disciplinary teams in enhancing the quality of patient care (p 15). During my placement at the Community Drug and Alcohol team, my personal statement demonstrates that I complied with specific organizational policies and national legislation governing various treatment options such as the Health Act 2006 that provides guidelines on control and prevention of healthcare associated infections (hygiene code) and infection control policies of the health institution. In order to ensure quality nursing care, my personal statement confirms that I appreciate diversity and enhance social inclusion of the vulnerable groups through understanding the unique factors that determine the health of certain high-risk populations like aged citizens, people with mental disability and children (Johns, 2009, p 45). In this case, I offered non-discriminatory services and share decision-making with the patients (Polit and Beck, 2004, p 278). The essay will critically analyze my personal statement using the 4 NMC domains of nursing and midwifery council that include professional values, communication and interpersonal skills, nursing practice and decision-making, leadership, management and team working. The essay will also outline how i have acquired the necessary competencies and outline strategies for continuing professional development. I believe I have remained commitment to developing nursing practice through continuous learning; critical research appraisal and engaging in clinical practice activities that enhance my nursing skills (Griffith and Tengnah (2011p 54). While working at Kensington Nursing Home as a health care assistant, I complied with the legal and professional standards such the Data protection Act 1998, and promoted human rights as outlined under the standards of nursing practice issued by the Nurses and Midwifes Council (NMC). Accordingly, my persona l statement confirms that I have been able to build strong partnerships and therapeutic relationships with clients in order to offer person-centered nursing care and improve the nursing outcomes. I understand that all health professionals have professional responsibility and accountability for assessment, planning and evaluating standards of health care. I agree with the Nursing and Midwifery Council (2013) that qualified nurses must respect patients’ dignity and provide high standards of care all the time (p 6). Accordingly, mental health nurses must promote the health and mental wellbeing of the clients through preventing mental illness and advising clients on the available therapies (McSherry, Pearce and Tingle, (2011, p 78). From the personal statement, I am capable of identifying the unique needs of the patient such as emotional and physiological distress or changes in behaviour that are associated with psychiatric disorders. Health Professions Council (2004) points out that the nurses must evaluate the emotional stress that may be associated with pain, illness, disabilities or loss (para 3). As a nurse, I will use my knowledge and skills to identify potential mental health problems or psychiatric disorders in fostering the health and safety of the patients (Nursing and Midwifery Council, 2004a, para 4). I have gained knowledge on symptoms of various disorders in my studies and

Globalization, Communication And Postmodernity Describing The Shift Essay

Globalization, Communication And Postmodernity Describing The Shift From Web 1.0 To Web 2.0 - Essay Example From the read-only interface offered by Web 1.0, the introduction of Web 2.0 has opened various means of web communications making the web interface not only as a source of information, but also as an interactive zone. Blogs, wikis, social network sites, online games, and even e-commerce have redefined practices of communication in the postmodern times re-introducing the processes and activities in a globalized approach. Starting from Web 1.0 as the first generation World Wide Web, the first web interface offered read-only contents via static websites with limited performance and visual parameters, zero to minimal interaction with the site, and most importantly, web communication fundamentally facilitated via e-mail. Shuen (2008) has described Web 1.0 as a digitized place for searching information, for making available and transmitting various downloadables, and for fashioning e-commerce approach from the traditional mail-based interfaces. Added by Oreilly (2007), Web 1.0 treated web as a platform for presenting information using one-way channel of communication with limited response mechanisms. For instance, Web 1.0 services, such as Mp3.com, Akamai, Ofoto, content management systems, and others, are the means utilized for conveying content, downloadables, and information. ... Meanwhile, business model of Web 1.0 follows the principles of treating users as audience and speculating consumers (Eighmeya & McCordb, 1998), admin-based web business (Oreilly, 2007) and lastly, one-way search and one-way feed of information (Sinclair, et al., 2006). These details support and explain the architectural background of Web 1.0 that stems from the identified â€Å"architecture of presentation† (Oreilly, 2007; Sinclair, et al., 2006). On the other hand, the upgraded version known as Web 2.0 is characterized by the read-write interface where values emerge from the contribution of the larger viewers instead of the traditional command and control of information (Lytras, et al., 2008). The objectives of Web 2.0 are to enhance creativity, information sharing, and collaboration among users, such as the development of so-called web communities through various social networking sites, wikis, blogs, and folknomies (Zhang, 2008). Gossen (2011) has identified four key charac teristics of Web 2.0. He claims that web 2.0 fosters web presence on the web by allowing the option of regular updating, responding to, and even creating content under a user profile. Secondly, Web 2.0 allows personal modification of web-interface affecting the personal web experience of a single user with a 2.0-based website, and more notably, website contents are user generated often a result of collaboration between users and site developers. He also asserts that, Web 2.0 is about social participation through various web activities, such as ratings, rankings, commenting, feedback mechanisms, and others all aimed at interacting with other users. Aside from its

The structure of the play Essay Example for Free

The structure of the play Essay In the Requiem we see Willys funeral, but alas, the friends and customers he claimed to have has not shown up. Linda and Happy are confused as to why this is, but Charley, Biff and Bernard know and have come to terms with the fact that Willy was not well liked and that his business ventures were ill-fated and old-fashioned. Biff finally opens up and says that Willy had the wrong dreams and Willy never knew who he was. Happy is distressed by what Biff says and is almost ready to fight. Happy obviously still believe in Willys ideals and in capitalism and states that he is gonna win it for him (Willy) much to the distress of Biff who knows that it is a vain attempt at getting rich quick. Linda is comforted by Charley, who says that being a salesman is a good profession and that a salesman has got to dream. Charley goes on to say he was a happy man with a batch of cement, this could be interpreted as the author saying that most people are happy to work for a purpose, e.  g. Socialism. Throughout much of the play we see Willy symbolising old capitalism, the belief that if you work hard and are well liked then you gain lots of financial wealth. In the Requiem we see the death of this old capitalism due to the unscrupulous nature of new capitalism which unfortunately, is not dead yet. Ben, Willys brother, symbolises new capitalism, the belief that if you are merciless and cut-throat in business then you will gain financial success. Much of the play is spent showing how new capitalism is getting rid of old capitalism. The structure of the play Throughout the play we have frequent flashbacks to the past, as Willys life falls apart and he dreams about the past to preserve his happiness. As the play progresses, the flashbacks become more frequent and crossover more into the present. The flashbacks are essential to the rest of the play and provide vital points that are key to the story. As the flashbacks become more frequent and frenzied, Willy starts acting out the flashbacks in the present. This makes him appear crazy and even leads Biff and Happy to openly claim Willy is not their father. Miller uses these flashbacks to adequately convey the emotion and structure of Willys breakdown to the audience. Conclusion Death of a salesman could easily be interpreted as an attack on the unscrupulous nature of all capitalism, but this is only a small part of the play. It is an emotive story of the last few days of a failed salesmans life, as he seeks happiness in the past and can not face the reality of his life. It is about a man who has been robbed by time and takes refuge in the past when he was well liked, yet in the present no-one in the business world likes him. Miller has written Death of a salesman in a powerful way and is successful in his purpose of touching the reader and making the read thinking about the world and the life they lead.

Essay --

Experiment 02: Synthesis and characterisation of Benzocaine Introduction Benzocaine is described and used in the industry as local external anaesthetic; it is constructed of a white crystalline powder. The advantage of anaesthetics such as benzocaine is the action can be reversible where the use is followed by a completed recovery of the tissue with no potential permanent damage being caused. Aim The purpose of conducting this experiment was to synthesise and characterise for the preparation of benzocaine via a fishcer esterification reaction by the means of amino benzoic acid alongside ethanol. The product was also precipitated from a solution in order to gain a pH of 8.The secondary aim was to esterify the reaction in an equilibrium reaction catalysed via the addition of acid shown below: Experimental Reactants used: 4- Aminobenzoic used: 3.03g (0.018 moles) Ensure gloves are worn at all times when handling strong acids and bases within the experiment of the preparation of benzocaine. 4-aminobenzoic acid (3.0g, 0.022 moles) was suspended into a dry round-bottomed flask (100cm3) followed by methylated sprits (20 cm3). Taking extra care the concentrated sulphuric acid of (3.0 cm3, 0.031 moles) was added. Immediately after the condenser was fitted on, and the components in the flask were swirled gently to mix components. It should be ensured that the reactants of the concentrated sulphuric acid and the 4-aminobenzoic acid were not clustered in the ground glass joint between the condenser itself and the flask. In order to heat the mixture to a boiling point, a heating mantle was used and then further left for gently refluxing for a constituent time of forty minutes. After the duration of the consistent forty minutes the rou... ...rivate and taking into account there boiling point and volatility the Gc retention time will increase, in accordance to the chain going up, so in this case the pentyl derivative would go first then the butyl derivative. Conclusion The percentage yield gained was 70% from the Fischer Esterification reaction, which evaluates to be a good production of yield produced as the reaction is known to be reversible where conditions such as the concentration of the reactants, pressure and temperature could affect the extent of the reaction from performing. These white crystalline crystals were tested for impurity by conducting a melting point analysis and taking spectrospic data such as the IR spectra, HNMR and CNMR to confirm the identification of the product. These spectrospic methods and melting point analysis confirmed the white crystalline crystals were benzocaine.

Within the maximum of 500 words, prove that there is a moral lesson implied in the novel “The picture of Dorian Gray”

Oscar Wilde is one of the greatest literary showmen of the English nineteenth century. Of all his works, his only novel â€Å"†¦Ã¢â‚¬  is considered his masterpiece. In this novel, a moral lesson can be implied: Corruption will lead to destruction, obsession and torture. A moral lesson is experience that one can learn from a story and this lesson follows the standards of behavior considered acceptable and right by most people. A moral lesson implied when people suggest that something be true without actually saying it or suggests something as a necessary result. In this novel, the moral lesson is not directly delivered to the readers. It could only be found when people analyze what happens to the main character- Dorian Gray, what cause leads to what effect. At first, Dorian Gray appears to be something ideal and beautiful: young, handsome, innocent, simple and sensitive. He becomes the embodiment of Lord Henry’s ideas of the aesthetic life. Dorian soon leaves Basil’s studio for Lord Henry’s parlor, where he adopts the tenets of â€Å"the new Hedonism† and resolves to live his life as pleasure- seeker with no regard for conventional morality. He devotes himself to love in the beginning. Then he go from lover to lover, male and female and he pursues pleasure dispassionately. After that, he kills Basil, unable to accept the kind of love Basil is showing him. Dorian does not have a developed moral sense which would recognize a moral imperative- the idea that something is wrong no matter whether one ever has to pay to any consequences for them. He only regards acts as wrong when he can see their effects on the countenance of the figure in the portrait. He seems to separate the body and brain: â€Å"The body sins†¦ regret†. If body’s sin is natural, the soul should be responsible for physical action. Where sin has been committed, everything will be over and selfish is irresponsible thinking. At the end of the novel, Dorian is punished by his conscience, his innate and inner judge. He is torture badly for a long period leading to a tragic death. It is not the only thing he has to pay for his sins. The corruption from others leads to his destruction, bsession and torture. In the end, Dorian seems to be punished by his ability to be influenced: if the new social order celebrates individualism, as Lord Henry claims, Dorian falters because he fails to establish and live by his own moral code. In our life, we need to be alert in front of the seductions that are popular nowadays: hedonism and immoral pleasures. If not, we may be affected badly by the materialism leading to regrettable consequences.

College essay topics to write about European Union - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 10 Words: 2872 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Law Essay Type Analytical essay Level High school Tags: Community Essay European Union Essay Did you like this example? SUPREMACY OF THE EUROPEAN UNION 1 This paper provides an analysis on the importance of the Supremacy of the European Union Laws, in helping the EU community to achieve its objectives. The European Union is a political institution, with its own legislative and administrative body. The intention of this Union is to promote the economic development of its member states, and create a single constitution that will guide the affairs of the Union. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "College essay topics to write about European Union" essay for you Create order Despite the existence of the constitution, it has not been ratified by member states; hence it is the EU treaty, and directives established by it, that govern the relationships amongst member states[1]. This paper takes a stand that for the EU to achieve success in meeting its objectives, its laws and directives have to be supreme over the laws and directives of member states. The principles of the supremacy of the EU denote that, the laws of the European Union are supreme when compared to the laws of the member states. The European Court of Justice introduced this doctrine in 1964, however, to date; it is still controversial with some states arguing against its adoption. This is because of the concept of sovereignty, which allows member states to have a right of determining their laws, without influence from foreign powers. However, there are a number of reasons given, in support of the principles of the EU law[2]. One of these principles is that, there would be uneven application of laws, if this principle does not exist. This is unacceptable within the European Union, mainly because it has the capability of threatening and compromising the legal system of the European Union. Another reason is based on the doctrines of the direct effect which was created by the European Union Court of Justice. This doctrine denotes that certain provisions of the European Laws are directly applicable to the national laws of member states, without any other enactments[3]. This is beneficial to the member states, mainly because it creates uniformity in the application of laws, hence promoting the objectives and mission of the European Union. The concept or principle of the EU supremacy has never been expressly identified in any of the treaties that form the European Union. This concept was developed by the European Court of Justice through a series of very important rulings and judgments. However, the most important case responsible for introducing this concept of supremacy of EU laws is the case of Costa vs. ENEL[4]. According to this case, the judges denoted that a directly applicable, secondary or primary European law will prevail over the national law, even if, the law under consideration is a breach of the constitution of the country under consideration. Furthermore, in instances where a conflict arises, the national judge has to ignore the national laws, and apply the laws of the European Union aimed at solving the problem under consideration[5]. Furthermore, it is only the European Court of Justice that has the power and ability of annulling the European Laws, by using the European Treaties as a point of reference . Through this judgment, the European Court of Justice was able to create the doctrine of Supremacy of European Laws. One of the major reasons given for the adoption of this principle is the special nature of the European Union treaty. This treaty was able to create a new legal system, whereby the provisions of the treaty, were part and parcel of the national laws of the member states. This is an indication that the laws of the EU determines the manner which states relate which each other, and their internal governance system. This is a breach of the sovereignty of a member state, and sovereignty is a concept that defines a state. Despite the existence of this argument, a number of scholars supports this doctrine of the Supremacy of the European Union Laws[6]. This is because the executive force of the laws of the European community cannot be different. This is because different laws would jeopardize the attainment of the mission and objectives of the treaty under consideration. The founders of this treaty realized the dangers of inconsistent and different laws in the member states forming the European Union, hence the development of the concept of the direct effect. This is one of the major values and principles of the European Union, without which, the Union would be unable to meet its objectives[7]. The 2004 case of Mangold better explains how this concept of direct effect is applicable in all the domestic laws of member states. Under this case, the ECJ denoted that directive 2000/78/EC was able to preclude Germany from increasing the statutory age discrimination, through a reduction of a relevant threshold for fixed term contracts, without an objective reason. Furthermore, the ECJ referred to article number 18 (2) of the 2000/78/EC directive which denotes that member states are obligated to realize an equal treatment of people in employment, regardless of their age. The ability of the court to review and make a ruling in this case, is an indication that the doctrine of Supremacy is applicable in the European Union. Furthermore, the decision by the courts to support the position of the ECJ, by denoting that the laws were contradicting directive 2000/78/EC, is an indication that there is a need of uniform laws aimed at protecting the rights of people within the European Union[8]. Different laws in this regard would frustrate the efforts of the European Union in ensuring that there is equality in the treatment of individuals, within the European Union. In the 1978, case of Simmenthal, the judges were able to denote that any national legal, administrative, judicial and legislative practice that might impair the effectiveness of the European Community Law are null and void[9]. In McCarthy vs. Smith, the court identifies the European Union treaty as an aid, as well as an overriding force. Based on these principles and laws, we are able to denote that the laws of the European Union Community are supreme to the domestic laws. In defending the supremacy of the European Union treaty, Federico explains that it is justifiable because the provisions of the treaty are signed after a series of negotiations, offers, and counter offers[10]. Based on this fact, the application of laws that are not uniform will frustrate the application and implementation of agreements contained in the European Union treaty. This was the major argument in the Mangold case, where the courts sought to create a uniform law that will protect the rights of people across the member states of the European Union. Furthermore, the issue of supremacy is touched in the case of Van Gend vs. Netherlands. Under this case, the European Court of Justice denoted that the European Union Treaty was able to create a new legal system in the international law, which would benefit the state, but they have to limit their sovereign rights. The court further denoted that the states have voluntarily transferred their sovereignty to the institutions of the European Community. This case further denoted that the articles of the European Union treaty are applicable to the national courts, and they are supreme to the laws of the land. There are five major reasons why the European Court of Justice was able to insist of this doctrine of Supremacy. One important reason advanced for this case is that it creates a sovereign European Union community[11]. The European Union is a political community, and it has an intention of creating a constitution that is applicable to the entire community. It is important to explain that the constitution exists, but it has not been ratified by the member states. In-fact, article I/6 of the European Union treaty explains that the laws adopted and created by the European Union shall have primacy, over all the national laws of the member states. Nlau explains that the intention of this provision is to create a supreme and sovereign European Union community[12]. It is difficult to achieve this objective if separate laws that contradict the treaties of the Union are created and applied by the member states. By being a member of the European Union, the state under consideration had transferred some of their sovereign rights to the community. This is a concept or belief that is held by Lord Bridge in the case of R vs. Secretary of State for transportation. Lord Bridge argues that by the ratification of the treaty of European Union, parliament passed some of the sovereign rights of United Kingdom, to the European Union[13]. Based on this fact, the national courts had a right to remove acts of parliament that were contradicting the laws of the European Union. Woods and Watson explain that in a bid to create a common market, there was a need of applying a uniform European Union law within the community[14]. One of the major objectives of the European Union is to establish a common market. It is virtually impossible for this to be achieved if; there are different rules that guide commerce in the member states. Based on this fact therefore, there is a need of harmonizing the different commerce and business laws in member states, so that they may not contradict the established laws by the European Union. Craig and De Burca further asserts that a supreme European Union law would ensure that member states are not able to create laws aimed at pursuing their own self interest[15]. In the view of Schoitheete , the European Union treaty is formed after a series of negotiations, which involves offers and counter offers, with the intention of finding a compromise that would benefit the entire community[16]. A member state that enacts laws, which contradict the provisions of the EU treaty, goes against this compromise, and it aims at pursuing its own self-interest. This is unacceptable, and unwarranted, mainly because it would compromise the legitimacy of the European Union, and the laws enacted by it. It is therefore an acceptable practice for the laws of the EU to be supreme over the laws of the me mber states. Despite the importance of the Supremacy of the EU laws, over that of member states, this concept has gained resistance from these states. It has been difficult to ratify the provisions of this treaty to the constitution of the national state, and their courts have found it difficult to respect these provisions. However, the major point of contention is whether their exist areas in which the member states of the European Union cannot legislate their own laws, and they must defer it, to the European Union. On most occasions, the national courts of member states normally apply the supremacy of the EU laws, based on the provisions of the national laws, as opposed to the rulings of the European Court of Justice[17]. This is because majority of the courts belonging to member states regard themselves as having jurisdiction on issues that affect their national and domestic interests. This is a concept referred to as Kompetenz-Kompetenz. A good example of a country that finds it hard to imple ment the supremacy of EU laws over its domestic laws is the United Kingdom. This is despite the ruling by the House of Lords, on R vs. Secretary of State for transportation, supporting the Supremacy of the EU law, over its domestic laws[18]. The reason why the United Kingdom fails to accept the Supremacy of parliament is based on the concept of parliamentary sovereignty. This principle denotes that parliament has the capability of doing anything, other than binding itself to future uncertainties. The UK membership to the European Union has not affected the sovereignty of the British parliament. This is despite the existence of the 1972 European Communities Act, which allowed for the incorporation of EU laws into the British legal system. However, it is important to explain that the ECA 19722 is an important legislation that tried to regulate the kind of laws passed by the British parliament[19]. This law denotes that any law passed by parliament, should not contradict the provisions of the EU treaty. This was a movement towards the recognition of the supremacy of the EU laws and policies. In Macarthy vs. Smith, Lord Denning explains that the treaty should be regarded as supreme, and an aid to the British laws. However, Duke vs. GEC Reliance Systems explains that the principles of Macarthy are not applicable to domestic laws that are not compatible with the provisions of the laws of the EU. In the case of Duke vs. GEC reliance, the Von Colson principle was adopted, which required that all domestic laws should be interpreted, independently, and they must not be influenced by the laws or authority of the European Union[20]. Cases such as Pickstone vs. Freeman, Lister vs. Forth Dry Dock all agree on the supremacy of domestic laws, as opposed to that of the EU. However, they use the purposive approach, in ensuring that the domestic laws under consideration are compatible with the laws of the European Union[21]. This provision is further best explained in the case of Lister vs. Forth Dry Dock, where the court denoted parliament can pass a legislation whose purpose is to implement an identified provision of the laws of the European Community. These case laws and statutes therefore point to the no tion that the people of UK still view its parliament as sovereign, irrespective of the judgments of thee ECJ, regarding the sovereignty of the European Union laws[22]. In conclusion European Union laws have to be supreme over the laws of its member states, for it to achieve in meeting its own objectives. For instance, one of the objectives of the European Union is to create a common market, for purposes of promoting and protecting its market. It is impossible to achieve this objective, if member states have different laws that seek to protect their markets. Furthermore, the European Union has an objective of creating a political federation, governed by one constitution. This would mean that the member states will have to limit their sovereignty. This is impossible to achieve with different laws that govern the operation and interpretation of laws within the European Union. However, this concept of Supremacy of European Union is not directly expressed in its treaties and directives. It is only implied through the judgments of the European Court of Justice. It is therefore a controversial issue within the member states of the European Union. 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[5] Kaczorowska, European Union Law, p. 56 [6] Damian Chalmers, Gareth Davies and Giorgio Monti, European Union Law: Text and Materials, (3rd end, Cambridge, CUP,2014), p. 29. [7] Giacomo Federico,. The EU Charter of Fundamental Rights from Declaration to Binding Instrument (Dordrecht: Springer, 2011), p. 21. [8] Federico, The EU Charter of Fundamental Rights from Declaration to Binding Instrument, p. 26 [9] John Fairhurst, Law of the European Union (6th ed. Harlow, England: Pearson/Longman, 2007), p. 36. [10] Giacomo Federico,. The EU Charter of Fundamental Rights from Declaration to Binding Instrument (Dordrecht: Springer, 2011), p. 11. [11] Philippe Schoitheete, The Case for Europe: Unity, Diversity and Democracy in the European Union (Lynne Rienner, 2000), p. 47. [12] Justus Nlau, Drafting the EU Charter: Rights, Legitimacy, and Process ( Houndmills,Palgrave Macmillan, 2005), p. 21. [13] Margot Horspool, European Union Law (4th ed. Oxford: Oxford UP, 2006), p. 77. 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